"simple" description is a returnless system with pressure controlled by the PCM through a driver module under the back seat running the fuel pump.
Pressure sensor in the fuel rail referencing intake pressure/vacuum, 40 psi plus is normal (low end of 40-50 range). There's a pressure accumulator that modulates pulses to smooth the pressure at the rail (disc in-line to the fuel line for zetecs, on the rail for duratecs).
Inertia cut-off switch in the passenger side kick panel to shut off power to the fuel pump in case of collision.
Them's the basics.